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Compare Bouvet Island (2004) - Marshall Islands (2001)

Compare Bouvet Island (2004) z Marshall Islands (2001)

 Bouvet Island (2004)Marshall Islands (2001)
 Bouvet IslandMarshall Islands
Administrative divisions - 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje
Age structure - 0-14 years:
49.29% (male 17,808; female 17,101)

15-64 years:
48.61% (male 17,573; female 16,853)

65 years and over:
2.1% (male 707; female 780) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts, tomatoes, melons, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens
Airports - 16 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 58.5 sq km


land: 58.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
181.3 sq km

land:
181.3 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, and Kwajalein
Area - comparative about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC about the size of Washington, DC
Background This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station on the island. After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the islands between 1947 and 1962.
Birth rate - 45.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$80.1 million

expenditures:
$77.4 million, including capital expenditures of $19.5 million (FY95/96 est.)
Capital - Majuro
Climate antarctic wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt
Coastline 29.6 km 370.4 km
Constitution - 1 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bouvet Island		 conventional long form:
Republic of the Marshall Islands

conventional short form:
Marshall Islands

former:
Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Currency - US dollar (USD)
Death rate - 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $125 million (FY96/97 est.)
Dependency status territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo -
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Joan M. PLAISTED

embassy:
Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379

telephone:
[692] 247-4011

FAX:
[692] 247-4012
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Banny DE BRUM

chancery:
2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-5414

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3236

consulate(s) general:
Honolulu
Disputes - international none claims US territory of Wake Island
Economic aid - recipient - approximately $65 million annually from the US
Economy - overview no economic activity; declared a nature reserve US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US provides roughly $65 million in annual aid. Negotiations were underway in 1999 for an extended agreement. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, and the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties caused GDP to fall in 1996-98.
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Olav Peak 935 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
Environment - current issues NA inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups - Micronesian
Exchange rates - the US dollar is used
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
Exports - $28 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
Exports - commodities - fish, coconut oil, trochus shells
Exports - partners - US, Japan, Australia
Fiscal year - 1 October - 30 September
Flag description the flag of Norway is used blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes
GDP - purchasing power parity - $105 million (1998 est.), supplemented by approximately $65 million annual US aid
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
15%

industry:
13%

services:
72% (1995)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,670 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -5% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates 54 26 S, 3 24 E 9 00 N, 168 00 E
Geography - note covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range
Highways - total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km

note:
paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $58 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco
Imports - partners - US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Guam, Singapore
Independence - 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls, offshore banking (embryonic)
Infant mortality rate - 39.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 5% (1997)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; High Court
Labor force - NA
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (93% ice) (2001)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
60%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
40%
Languages - English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese
Legal system the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

note:
the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
65.84 years

male:
64.04 years

female:
67.73 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93%

male:
100%

female:
88% (1980 est.)
Location island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea
Map references Antarctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 4 nm contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
212 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,768,406 GRT/16,242,699 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 63, cargo 9, chemical tanker 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 29, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 87, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Germany 1, Japan 1, US 6 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Norway defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches - no regular military forces (a coast guard may be established); Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Nationality - noun:
Marshallese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Marshallese
Natural hazards NA occasional typhoons
Natural resources none phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population uninhabited (July 2004 est.) 70,822 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 3.88% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Majuro
Radio broadcast stations - AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - NA
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian (mostly Protestant)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
telex services

domestic:
Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein
Telephones - main lines in use - 3,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 365 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (of which two are US military stations) (1997)
Terrain volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible low coral limestone and sand islands
Total fertility rate - 6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 16% (1991 est.)
Waterways - none
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